Morphine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Morphine - Essay Example chapeau these other common drugs either match in action the effectuate of morphine when acted upon by the enzymes, or they increase the effectiveness of the enzymes resulting in a faster, or more concentrated catalytic effect (Drugs.com, 2011). In the case of lasix, which includes a psychotherapeutic and CNS-active agent the patient might experience hypotensive effects when the intercession is first administered or if either of the drugs dosage is increased. There is also a coadministration factor with vasodilators and alpha-blockers that can increase blood pressure and othostasis. This moveion is not consistent enough across all patients to come to a conclusion as to why this happens, but c beful monitoring of any patient on this flake of treatment method is advised (Hammack and Loprinzi, 1994). iii. Note the clinical consequences of each of the interactions (e.g. increases the plasma concentration of Drug B leading to an enhanced pharmacological effec t and toxicity). In all of the drugs in the previous section (except lasix) the anxiety is that the drugs, when combined with morphine have an additive or synergetic effect on the toxicity and bureau of both drugs thereby increasing effectiveness as well as possible side effects depending on how well individual patients metabolize the morphine. Factors that would need to be considered would include type of illness, health of the liver, enzyme proceeds and any built up tolerance to either medication (American Pain Society, 1999). Lasix can interact with elements such as alpha blockers or vasodilators which would put more stress on the heart collectable to increased blood flow and/or respiratory system (American Pain Society, 1999). Section 3. Drug submerging For morphine a. Determine and state the oral bioavailability... The study has shown that morphine is metabolized to M6G which is a potent analgesic thereby increasing the effectiveness of the drug in some situations. As a ru le, the metabolism of morphine comes finished uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) enzymes which are found in the liver. The enzymes form active analgesic metabolites and in some cases toxic metabolites as well. This would indicate that environmental factors that could inhibit or increase the effectiveness of morphine would include conjoint expend of other drugs that reduce or inhibit the effect of liver enzymes liver disease or a liver dysfunction and any drugs that can increase enzyme levels in the liver itself. According to the AHFS drug cultivation the bioavailability is influenced by gastrointestinal absorption but the amount of bioavailability depends on the method that is used to administer it. In reality the bioavailability is almost 90% first pass hepatic extraction. This is supported by literature that suggests that the headway rate for morphine is longer in those individuals who have hepatic impairment. In most cases the morphine is metabolized in the liv er and dispersed through urination. The rate of conventional oral preparations (immediate release) and the extended release oral versions are about the same but there is a difference in peak plasma concentrations which are longer and lower with the extended release oral preparation.